In addition to using measures such as overbooking and reducing the size of seats in order to fit more passengers on a flight, one solution to the financial travails of travel has been the rise of low-cost airlines. The air travel industry depends heavily on government assistance. In fact, once government subsidies are factored in, the entire industry has been operating at a loss over the whole of its history, despite steady growth. Business polymath Warren Buffett has called the airline industry one of the hardest to make money in—despite the vast amount of money accumulated, little of it is profit.

Government funds are used to build airports to foster economic development, and to subsidize the development of aircraft for both military and commercial purposes. Government grant money is often used in the research and development of aircraft design. This level of government involvement is sometimes less obvious in the United States, where there is a long history of privately owned airlines, than in Europe, where until recently most airlines were nationalized. Rail transport relies on railroads, and, along with steam-powered water transport, was the hallmark of the Industrial Revolution. The use of rails which minimize friction, compared to driving surfaces, and distribute weight more efficiently than other overland travel and engine-driven trains allowed for much faster overland transport than before, and in particular allowed for a great deal more freight to be carried, rather than loading up covered wagons pulled by horses and other draft animals.

Train travel is slower than air travel and suffers from the same indirectness with regard to target destinations; travel to and from the train station is required, and it is less popular than it once was for passenger transport. But freight trains continue to operate day and night around the world, and passenger transport remains popular in Asia, Europe, and to some degree in the northeastern United States, where distances between cities are relatively short. The diesel-electric locomotive succeeded the steam engine in the s and s and remains in use throughout most of the world.

Passenger rail travel is frequently brought up when the issue of public transportation reform is on the table. Often the discussion includes monorails and magnetic levitation maglev trains, the second of which can potentially move extremely fast because of the lack of friction, and which are cheap to operate once built, but which require expensive new infrastructure. Road transportation is the most popular form of transportation, with hundreds of millions of automobiles worldwide and a well-established trucking industry in most industrialized nations. The building of roads has a long history, and along with aqueducts constituted the principal infrastructure built by civilizations like Rome.

Because of the vast numbers of roads and the presumption that nearly every domicile and business is accessible by road, road travel offers the greatest flexibility—door-to-door travel. Nearly all freight transport involves transport by road on at least one leg of the journey. Sea transport is the slowest form, but because of the extraordinary tonnage that can be transported over the seas, it remains an efficient mode of freight transport for nonperishable goods, especially those which are delivered at regular intervals and for which thus the length of travel is essentially irrelevant. National Transportation Safety Board NTSB is a United State U. agency for educating and promoting safety. They provide safety rules and regulation to all transportation for U.

such as aviation, railroad, highway, marine, pipeline and hazardous material safety for the U. NTSB was founded in Safety Transportation. Before Charles Tyson Yerkes was an American Financier, who in , created the Underground Electric Railways Company of London as a way of controlling the District Railway. Yerkes wanted to become involved in the development of the London underground railway system and strived to unify Background Food miles are miles over which a food item is transported during the journey from producer to consumer, as a unit of measurement of the fuel used to transport it.

Political analysis The government impact is rules, tents and control of the business. Also it can be tax assessment, arrangement, work lowers. As indicated by Virgin Airline administration, they are an articulation with different political difficulties when business spread into outside nations contrasted with the Airline Transportation. Introduction This paper is about air freight vs sea freight. In this paper, factors that are considered before making a decision between sea freight and air freight are discussed. They include cost and nature of goods, weight, and space, delivery time and safety, and pricing Logistics Transportation.

NSW rail network is about km of nominal route standard gauge. Rail network is managed by three government networks, Country Regional Network CRN , NSW Interstate, Hunter Valley and Metropolitan Freight Networks and Metropolitan Passenger Network. While private sector operators that provides rail freight services Service Transportation. The Thai—Burma railway which also called the Death Railway. The Thailand-Burma Railway and the Burma-Siam Railway and the similar names, was a kilometre railway connecting Ban Pong, Thanbyuzayat and Thailand, Burma, create by the Empire of Japan in to sustain its influence in the Construction Transportation.

The Indian transportation industry is continually creating at a CAGR of 15 percent. With more than seven million stock vehicles moving around the country, the load volume has accomplished 1, billion ton-km, an expect that should twofold by We spend practically 14 percent of India Transportation. DHL or Dalsey, Hillblom and Lynn is a German Corporation that provides transportation and logistics. It has been transported in several ways from transportation, documents, letters to containers. Though Kerala is receives high rainfall in the order of mm per annum, the temporal variations in its occurrence leads to acute water scarcity during the non-monsoon periods.

Water Transportation. Tokyo is known for its excellent public transportation. It consists of an enormous and compact network of train, subway and bus lines. LA Pollution Transportation and Sustainability in Los Angeles Increase utilization of green technology for vehicles Funding Tax incentives Employment issues The horrific traffic situation in Los Angeles is not only detrimental to society in the sense that its immense levels of congestion cost commuters millions of dollars in lost time daily, but also because it can cause physical harm. One study has identified several risk factors that are significantly increased by freeway pollution levels such as cardiovascular problems, respiratory disease, cancer, heart attacks and flat-out premature death Cronan.

It further finds that some brain cells in mice showed inflammation consistent with Alzheimer's disease when exposed to these pollutants. It would be one thing if the levels of pollutants in the city were consistent with the levels found in other cities; however the levels of air pollution found in Los Angeles are among the highest in the country. In fact, Forbes…. Therefore, Trains are best for freight traveling long distances where loading and unloading efficiency and times are less of a concern. For shorter distances, rail travel is less efficient unless it is incorporated into the transportation network that serves passengers in gridlocked parts of town. In these instances, people can efficiently use light rail as a form of mass transit, and this mode of transport makes sense.

Each mode of transport has its pros and cons, and there is often much overlap between these pros and cons for each mode. The situation in New Jersey calls for a very definitive answer in transport management, and for a high level of understanding relative to cargo and passenger demands and the supply of transport vehicles. This is a written paper APA style Provide a two-page response for each of the following questions. Defend your answers with the appropriate citations. Note: You may…. Rodrigue, Jean-Paull; Comtois, Claude; and Brian Slack.

The Geography of Transport Systems, Second Edition. New York: Routledge. World Port Source. Toyota Transportation Toyota Beginning and Emergence The Market for the Company The Major Partners and Suppliers Toyota Supply Chain Dedicated Transport Service The Green Supply Chain Transportation Planning Freight Flow of Toyota Speed eliability The Transport Improvement Plan Dedicated Transport Service oute Mapping Environmental Concerns Integration of services Packaging Division of Duties at the Plant Level for Better Accountability Mapping logistics flows The Future of the Transport Improvement Plan Production by region Sales by region Toyota is the biggest single producer and the second biggest producer of cars in the world, after General Motors.

The Toyota Motor Corporation was founded in by Kiichiro Toyoda. It is headquartered in Toyota city in Japan with regional offices and factories all around the globe. The company primarily manufactures automobiles but also has business interests in robotics, financial services and biotechnology. It employs a huge number of people and is among the top…. Antony, J. Lean Sigma [production and supply chain management]. Manufacturing Engineer, 82 2 , Automotive Logistics - Toyota's total supply chain vision. DALLERY, Y. Extended kanban control system: combining kanban and base stock. IIE Transactions, 32 4 , Transportation Economics class Transportation Economics Case Study Major Facts The case study is about the relationship between DuPont Engineering Polymers DEP , the supplier, and Gard Automotive Manufacturing GARD , the customer.

DEP has been supplying polymers to GARD for 15 years. The acquisition process is usually represented by an auction with only DEP being invited, followed by a several years contract. GARD was satisfied with the quality of DEOP's products and saw no reason to negotiate with other suppliers. This situation changed because GARD assigned a new purchasing agent to negotiate the polymers acquisition. The new purchasing agent is not entirely satisfied with the duration and performance of the delivery process offered by DEP. He only agreed to a one year contract with DEP and intends to evaluate samples from other suppliers also. Major Problem How can DEP improve its manufacturing and delivery processes so that it is in line with….

Kappauf, J. Logistic Core Operations with SAP: Procurement, Production and Distribution Logistics. Maimon, O. Whish, R. The traditional inventory management technique we are using is making our company to incur additional costs of operation. In the course of this problem, we are required to implement the optimal order-quantity technique to assist our company to lower the costs of managing our inventory thereby increasing our profitability. Transportation Safety There are a number of different modes of transportation, and each mode has different safety considerations.

This paper will look at road, rail, sea and air freight in particular. Obviously, there will be some safety issues that can affect any mode of transport -- human error or mechanical breakdown can happen to anything, anytime. But within each mode there will be unique risks, and it is important to understand what those risks are, in order that they be addressed effectively. ail transport is generally considered to be one of the safer modes, but rail accidents are surprisingly common. The particular issues relating to rail tend to be issues with track maintenance, and trains taking corners too fast, both resulting in derailment.

The Federal ailroad Administration provides oversight on railroad safety issues, in order to minimize the number of accidents that occur on the rails. However, derailments still occur,…. FRA Safety fact sheet. Federal Railroad Administration. Kristiansen, S. Elsevier: Burlington, MA. There have been several trends that indicate that there are many challenges down the line as global trade becomes even more interactive and complex Editorial Staff, Trends Studies point to the following trends. Emergence of New Technology: Most companies have realized that there is need to make use of new technology.

The tools are meant to enhance a holistic handling and precise and proactive connection of data so as to boost control and planning outcomes Editorial Staff, A Structural Change Freight by Air to Freight by Sea:…. Ciemny, W. Global Transportation Trends. Logistics Quarterly, Vol II, Issue 5, Editorial Staff. New Study Reveals Nine Key Trends of Global Logistics. Nevhagen, P. Retrieved May 10, , from GreenCarrier: www. Transportation logistics field has experienced a number of significant changes in recent years due to innovations in technology, and there are a number of emerging concepts that have surfaced over the past 1 to 2 years as a result.

To determine the facts, this paper provides a review of the relevant literature to identify several of these emerging concepts, including a detailed discussion concerning their respective importance in the transportation logistics management TLM field. An analysis concerning the direction these emerging trends will take in the future and their potential future impact within the TLM field is followed by a summary of the research and important findings concerning these issues in the conclusion. eview and Analysis The concepts that are emerging in the TLM field today may have appeared as so much science fiction just a few years ago, but concepts such as 3D printing, drone deliveries and driverless vehicles….

Frey, T. Creating cars that talk to the roads. Journal of Environmental Health, 75 5 , Grace, J. The end of post-sale confusion: How consumer 3D printing will diminish the function of trademarks. Robinson, A. The future of logistics: Are 3PL companies ready to adopt these four emerging technologies? Rule, T. Airspace in an age of drones. Boston University Law Review, 95 1 , Operations Management Positive and Negative Influences of Legislation and egulation on Intermodal Transportation Intermodal transportation is seen where goods, or people, travel across different forms or modes of transport. There are many influences on this type of transportation; the development of containers increased the demand for intermodal transportation, and technology that support longer supply chain has also increase demand.

Another influence on the industry has been legislation and regulation, which has had both positive and negative impacts. This paper will look at the general concept in terms of the way regulation may impact both positively and negatively on intermodal transportation, and consider some specific examples of legislation or regulation and their potential influence. Legislation has included statues to support the development and maintenance of a competitive environment, as well as controls on the movement of goods as standards for…. MacKey, J; Robb, W, This paper argues that, even prior to the advent of the railroads, a transportation revolution had taken place in the United States in the early nineteenth century.

It argues that two developments were most important: steamboat navigation and the construction of the great canals. In particular, the building of the Erie Canal constituted a revolution in its own right. It was on account of the transportation revolution of the period that the American economy was decisively transformed in a capitalist direction. In , the United States did not lack a transport infrastructure, but it was a very poor one. With the exception of cities and towns located on the Atlantic coastline or along navigable waterways, there was literally no means of transporting agricultural produce and manufactured items to or from market centers other than country roads.

These roads were…. Boyer, Paul S. The Enduring Vision: A History of the American People. Houghton Mifflin, [YEAR? Cornog, Evan. The Birth of Empire: De Witt Clinton and the American Experience New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, Frost, James Arthur. Life on the Upper Susquehanna New York: King's Crown Press, Majewski, John. A House Dividing: Economic Development in Pennsylvania and Virginia Before the Civil War. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, Car travel may also pose a threat if gas prices continue to 'idle' or decline as the economy worsens. Do its customers have special requirements? In response to consumer demand and a shifting political climate, Bombardier has tried to incorporate sustainability into its business model to a greater degree.

Current financial analysis The company's financial performance is strong. On January 31, Bombardier "showed improvements in revenues, profitability and a robust cash position. Logistics Design Alternatives Intermodal transportation essentially refers to the process of transporting passengers and cargo by means of multiple, inter-linked transportation modes. It capitalizes on the comparative advantage of the individual modes to bring about high productivity at considerably low freight costs. Intermodalism has gained prominence over recent years, and is currently an integral component of international trade and global supply chain management. The U. Penal Code 49 USC, Chapter 55, Sec , presents the government's commitment towards delivering a National International Transportation System that is not only environmentally fit, but also economically efficient and in congruence with ongoing attempts geared at making the U.

economy more competitive on the global front. According to David Collenette, the former Transport Minister of Canada, intermodal transportation is about efficiency and safety in transportation. Canada and Mexico are among America's leading trade partners; in fact, trade volumes between the three have risen…. Dewitt, W. Intermodal Freight Transportation. Committee on Intermodal Freight Transport. The Export Administration Regulations EAR. Massachusetts Institute of Technology MIT. Weigel, K. International Government Contractor: News and Analysis on International Public Procurement and Export Controls. Thomas Reuters, 6 4 , Yevdokimov, Y. Mississippi State University. Evolution of Transportation Transportation is one of the tools obligatory by civilized man to get order out of disorder.

It arrives into each segment and facet of our continuation. Considered as of every point-of-view, economic, political and military, it is indisputably the most significant industry in the world. You can no more function a grocery store or a brewery than you can win a war devoid of transportation. The more multifaceted life turns out to be, the more essential are the effects that make up our transportation systems Moulton, History Of Transportations In the sixty years as of the s to the s, the United States acknowledged what has been appropriately phrased a 'transportation revolution'. Revolutionary it in fact was, for the social, economic, as well as political consequences of the alterations in transportation were extensive and transformative. More often than not historians recognize actions such as the enlargement….

Moulton, Controlling Factors in Economic Development. The Brookings Institution, , esp. Chapter VIII. William D. The Time of the Trolley. Milwaukee, WI: Kalmbach Press, Solomon et al. History of Transit and Innovative Systems. Washington, DC: U. Department of Commerce, September 11th and Transportation Law On the morning of September 11th, , the United States of America felt the full fury of an enemy which had been lying in wait for decades, planning an attack of spectacularly tragic proportions that would shake the nation to its core. The weapons of choice for Osama bin Laden and his Al-Qaeda terrorist network were not bullets or bombs, but airplanes which were ruthlessly hijacked and flown as missiles into New York's World Trade Center, the Pentagon in Washington, D. With the collapse of both of the Twin Towers and the immediate loss of over 3, lives, the American aviation industry was suddenly transformed from a once proud symbol of our national strength into a scapegoat for society's shattered complacency.

In GovTrack. us database of federal legislation. Public law -- 71 -- nov. Retrieved June 25 from U. Intermodal Key to the concept of intermodal transportation is that this is related to logistics. Firms must be able to move goods around the world. They need to get supplies to production facilities, finished goods to warehouses and then to retail outlets or the end customer. This need for transportation has resulted in the development of a number of different transportation solutions. It is necessary to understand that transportation solutions emerge to solve problems and to take advantage of opportunities. When the railway was built, it was primarily to serve as a means of getting goods across long distances, compared with the alternatives.

The same can be said about other forms of transportation that are typically used in cargo shipping. A mode of transportation is any means of getting a good from one place to another. Over the decades, several modes of transportation have emerged, because each one has specific…. No author What is intermodal? Definition of intermodal freight. Distribution Centers: The elevance of a Good Transportation System Distribution centers, in basic terms, "are special forms of warehouses that focus on throughput where products from various manufacturers are combined into shipments of precise quantities for distribution according to customer needs" Wang and Adams, A good transportation system helps in the reduction of transportation costs. From the onset, it is important to note that the relevance of cutting down on transportation costs cannot be overstated.

One way of cutting transportation costs is optimizing the location of distribution centers. The resulting shorter delivery routes come in handy in cost cutting attempts. As will be discussed elsewhere in this text, using Wal-Mart as an example, an appropriate location and multiple distribution centers mesh together to make the movement of products more efficient. The availability of transportation at warehouse locations, as Wang and Adams point out, "significantly impacts transportation costs and…. The Wal-Mart Distribution Center in the United States. Wang, B. Warehousing and Distribution Centers. Specifically it will discuss how the growth of the automobile industry in the 's changed the world and what positive and negative influences it had on society.

By the s, automobiles were much more common, and American society was becoming more accepting of them. They changed the way Americans viewed transportation, and really altered society in many different ways. The automobile was firmly established by the s. More people could afford them due to mass production and competition between manufacturers, and that meant people had greater freedom and mobility. Previously, the only methods of transportation where horse and buggy or carriage, train, or public transportation like streetcars. However, by the s, this was not the case. Editors at the Smithsonian Institution note, "By the time this photo was taken in the s, automobiles had changed the city streetscape, and the carriage was becoming a rarity" "America on….

Drowne, Kathleen Morgan and Huber, Patrick The 's. Santa Barbara, CA: Greenwood Publishing Group, Despite these constraints, China does in fact have an impressive transportation infrastructure already, and China's rankings relative to the rest of the world in various transportation infrastructure categories is provided in Table 1 below. Notwithstanding the current state of the roadways throughout China,…. Tian, R. Encyclopedia of the Nations. demands being placed on the global transportation industry are creating unprecedented requirements for international commerce during a period when peak oil is being approached and the need for more environmentally responsible alternatives has become especially pronounced.

The responses to the varied needs of the global transportation industry have included research and development of alternative energy sources as well as innovative supply chain management approaches that make global transportation more efficient and reduce energy requirements in the process. This paper provides a review of the relevant peer-reviewed and scholarly literature to develop a current overview of the global transportation industry and the challenges it faces in the future. A summary of the research and important findings are presented in the paper's conclusion.

Global Transportation Challenges Introduction Innovations in telecommunications have contributed to an increase in global transportation needs as international commerce and business-related travel have grown significantly in recent years. Branch, M. Telepower, planning, and society: Crisis in communication. Chan, D. Global logistics: Are Canadian firms competitive? In short, providing transit using the current paradigms and strategies is unsustainble. Transit's success depends on the ability of planners to make the lives of travelers worse off by making it harder to get around, restricting housing choice and type, and subjecting people to all manner of externalities and lifestyles they routinely choose to avoid in the current housing market place e.

Facts and figures publication of the Road Information Program, a Mobility omparison of Investments in Highways and Mass Transit, notes that Despite a In fact, between and , mass transit's share of the nation's passenger miles of non-marine, surface transportation decreased from 1. From the evidence in this paper, mass transit is important for long-run economic growth and less traffic. This can be shown in many cities where the economic cost of the commuting time is huge. By eliminating issue, it would bring a significant improvement in the economy's efficiency and modern day continence.

The economic and military power of a nation has been closely tied to efficient methods of transportation since it provides access to natural resources and promotes trade. A nation can gain wealth and power by increasing the use of mass transit since it allows the movement of soldiers, equipment, and supplies so that a nation can wage war. Generally, all Metra zones have been experiencing steady growth since Ridership in zones a and B combined increased by about , annual riders between and These are the zones closest to the CBD. Furthermore, it has become apparent that reliable transportation allows a population to expand throughout a country's territory without being traffic congested.

Promoting the Use of Public Transportation Introduction Public transportation serves numerous purposes: first, it helps to ease congestion in urban areas by decreasing the number of cars on the road at any given time but especially during busy traffic hours; second, it helps people who may not otherwise have means of getting to work obtain these means; third, it can reduce pollution and fuel emissions that can harm the environment. All of these are good reasons for using and promoting public transportation. The problem of how to promote public transportation, however, is one that needs to be solved. In order to solve it, a variety of factors have to be considered: a who is most likely to use public transportation—i. These sheets contain information regarding a substances hazard class and steps an employee or organization should take if any person is exposed to the hazardous substance in question.

Also provided is detailed information regarding the handling and care of hazardous materials. HAZMAT Training equirements It is absolutely essential to the livelihood and well being of employees and organizations that anyone involved in transporting hazmat is adequately tested, trained and certified. Training can mean the difference between life and death for individuals working with hazardous materials. Fortunately there are federal and state regulations that currently govern the types of training employers must offer with respect to hazmat. This training is standardized to ensure that ell people handling hazardous materials are adequately informed and trained regarding transportation, handling and any problems they might encounter during daily operations with hazmat materials.

HAZMAT training is any training for employees that operate a motor vehicle…. DOL - CDL FAQs. Depending on the airline involved, domestic flights may not use cargo containers for luggage but international flights generally do. There are two logistical purposes for using the containers. First, packing individual bags into shaped containers saves space because the containers are designed to fit the internal dimensions of the aircraft cargo hold compartment. Second, the use of containers makes moving luggage around much easier than transporting luggage piece by piece, in addition to being less hard on the bags.

Once the luggage containers are filled, they are transported by specialized vehicles and conveyed along a belt loading truck into the cargo hold. Security Precautions: There is also a third purpose for using cargo containers within the cargo hold areas: security against terrorism. Specifically, the cargo holds are designed to contain the destructive force of explosive blasts such as where a bomb inside luggage is not detected by other security processes. Organizations or corporations enlisted as parties to the investigation report to the NTSB though individuals in legal positions are not permitted to be designated to the investigation. While the enlisted agencies conduct their own investigations for enforcement, the determination of the actual cause of transportation accidents and incidents remains the sole responsibility of the Safety Board "What is the National Transportation Safety Board?

Through the party system, much of the background technical information is collected to be used in the factual reports by the National Transportation Safety Board. The Safety Board uses its staff to supervise all investigative activities in order to accomplish its objectives. The head of each investigative group or organization basically prepares and documents a factual report upon completion of their respective tasks. Each of the parties in the specific investigative organization or unit is requested to verify the accuracy of the factual report. After the…. Accident Investigations. Retrieved from National. National Transportation Safety.

The Washington Post. Sea Cargo and Transportation Maritime Transportation is the main channel of international trade; however, the share of its weight sustained by the sea is difficult to come across. Increase in population, increasing living standards, quick industrialization, congestion of roads, over-exploitation of local resources, and removal of trade barriers all play a role in the ongoing development in maritime transportation. In nations with passable rivers or long shorelines, or in nations made up of several islands, water transportation might play a vital role in domestic trades, for instance, Japan, Greece, Indonesia, USA, and Norway UNCTAD, These substituted the general cargo ships in main liner trades.

European Commission, Green paper on seaports and maritime infrastructure, COM 97 Final, European Commission, Brussels. Fisenko, A. Higginson, J. Great Lakes Short Sea Shipping and the Domestic Cargo-Carrying Fleet. Persson, J. Shipment planning at oil refineries using column generation and valid inequalities. European Journal of Operational Research , Most state and federal regulations related to the transportation of hazardous materials were first established in with the Hazardous Materials Transportation Act. In practice, hazardous materials generally include explosives, hazardous waste, gasses, radioactive material, flammable or combustible materials, and harmful chemicals. However, each state would have its own regulations, which sometimes conflicted with neighboring states or federal regulations.

Further complicating the issues related to safe transport of hazardous materials was the fact that a large number of federal, state, and local agencies would have different jurisdictions and subject to different regulations or laws, such as the Federal Aviation Administration FAA , Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration FMCSA , Federal Railway Administration FRA , Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration PHMSA , and the United States Coast Guard USCG Federal Motor Carrier…. Business Plan Professional Medical Transportation: In order to prepare a Business Plan, it is worthwhile to note that professional medical transportation can be offered both as an emergency as well as non-emergency service.

Services offered could be Priority Medical Dispatch, Pre-arrival instructions, Emergency Ambulance Service, Wheelchair service and Scheduled Ambulance Service. Since Priority Medical dispatch will be taking the calls, it has to be ensured that ambulance possessing the most sophisticated equipment and qualified medical experts reach during emergency situations. As regards pre-arrival instructions, the dispatchers will be answering callers, the information they require to tackle an emergency medical situation till arrival of the ambulance. Services we offer Under Emergency Ambulance Service, paramedics and emergency medical specialist have to attend to emergency calls and deal with transfers among health care facilities, round the clock, all seven days in a week.

Under Wheelchair service, non-emergency patients using…. Vermont Public transport Association. html Accessed on 6 February, Medical Transportation. Prince William Health System. Services we offer. Allina Hospitals and clinics. To some degree he could be called the Leonardo Davinci of modern science and technology. Segway Technology: The technology of the Segway is dependant upon its ability to balance itself, in much the same way the human body does, using technology that its makers call Dynamic Stabilization. This advance makes the Segway nearly impossible to overturn, while in use, making it extremely safe and practical for use.

Transportation in the past and present essay, through which we learn a lot of information about the means of transportation and how it evolved from horse-drawn vehicles until we reached the latest types of transport. All this will be learned here in Transportation in the past and present essay. Transportation is one of the most important things that every day has a tremendous development. Here we will know how transportation developed and how it was in the past and how it has become in the present. All of this we will know here through Transportation in the past and present essay. Transport and communication are considered the cornerstones of many human civilizations because of their importance in linking neighboring cities and villages to each other.

Therefore, man has been seeking innovation and discovery for thousands of years to develop and improve these means. Without transportation there is no Interconnection and communication between people. In this paragraph we will talk about transportation in the past and present. Transportation in the past. The development of transport during the stages of history was very slow and difficult, as people were carrying their goods on their heads or on their backs or run on the ground. In about BC, people began to use animals to transport loads and goods like mules and donkeys. After BC, the vehicles were invented. They were made up of four wheels without a motor. Boats were also invented, and humans began using animals, vehicles and boats to carry loads to many places faster and easier than before.

In the late 18th century inventors produced the first vehicles, and then the inventions in the means of transport until the fifteenth century AD, Where improvements have been made in the construction of large vessels; to make long journeys possible across the various seas and oceans. In the 18th century steam engines were invented, leading to the emergence of steam-powered vehicles and trains. In the late 19th century, oil and natural gas were discovered and harnessed to serve and develop various means of transport by building vessels and vehicles powered by gas and oil engines.

Transportation in the present. Cars: The development of the world of cars has been a great speed, we are now witnessing many different shapes, types and designs of them, and the car companies are more competitive; to manufacture the latest cars and the fastest and most comfortable and safe. Trains: trains are one of the most modern means of transport, through which thousands of people are transported through long distances and vast inside or outside their countries, and through which we transfer many different materials and goods, and at a lower price compared to other means. Buses and trucks: Buses are one of the most important modes of mass transport, transporting many people to and from their workplaces. Buses are used as a public transport. It is cheap and saves time and effort to move around.

When I wonder about how transportation has changed from the past to the present, I find there is a very wide difference in speed and comfort. I find that the speed is relative to the person and the extent of his interest in arriving early. Because I see that there is always a lesson that we learn when we travel long distances and time does not go in vain. But there are always interesting events happening around us. As for convenience, I can say that it has become very different between the past and the present. The old means of transportation were more difficult to move or rest periods in places that were not qualified for that. Therefore, I find that the current amenities, such as comfortable chairs designed to suit your sitting for a long time, using the best and finest fabrics and materials, is very wonderful.

Amenities vary according to the means of transportation, whether it is a plane, train, car, or steamer. There is a vast difference that helps you spend a safe and comfortable travel. Therefore, it is great that we are living in this present time and enjoy all these convenient means of transportation. In the past, transportation depended on a lot of hard work. Whether to prepare for it since a great time earlier. Preparing many items of food and clothing. And provide plenty of money so that a person can move. This is because of the distances and the presence of large areas that are not qualified for the population, which makes moving from one area to another difficult and fraught with many natural and abnormal risks.

One of the most famous ancient means of transportation was the horse or carts that were drawn by horses. Come later after that car or train. And certainly cars were not made to carry heavy weights or travel long distances. Also, the roads were not qualified in all countries for movement. Which makes us feel grateful that we live in a time of more development in the means of transportation and also more grateful for the rehabilitation of all countries of the appropriate infrastructure to facilitate transportation. There is no doubt that the means of transportation are of great importance in the growth of the economy of countries.

Man has known the importance of transportation since ancient times and used it to move from one place to another, in addition to using it to transport products and merchandise to the markets. Transportation has witnessed a great development, as it has become more comfortable and faster than before, and has used clean fuels such as gas and electricity to maintain a clean environment and reduce diseases that were spread due to air pollution with car exhaust. Car exhaust was causing chest and respiratory diseases as a result of emitting large amounts of carbon dioxide. In addition, car exhaust contains high levels of lead, which is very harmful to health.

Undoubtedly, the history of transportation development indicates the extent of technological development that occurred during the past few decades. A series of successive inventions have occurred that revolutionized the world of transportation. About fifty years ago, my grandfather and my father used the steam train to travel, and its speed was slow as it covered a distance of kilometers in several hours, and the seats were made of wood and uncomfortable, and this train was very noisy as it went, in addition to the smoke coming from it which pollutes the air. An example of transportation in the present. Today, we ride an electric express train, it runs km in several minutes, and its seats are leather, which is very comfortable, and it does not pollute the environment because it uses clean energy, and it does not make noise while it is running.

Undoubtedly, we saw in the old films some of the means of transportation that our ancestors used, and we noticed the great difference between them and modern transportation. The benefits of technological development in transportation. The technological development in the means of transportation has provided several benefits that have brought all countries economic progress and growth, such as:. Every day scientists and engineers work to improve the properties of transportation. Almost sixty years ago, the steam engine was used in all means of transportation, such as cars, buses, trains, and ships. This was considered a huge development in the transportation industry. Coal continued to be used to power the steam engine until the discovery of petroleum.

They used gasoline and gas as fuel to obtain the energy needed for the various means of transportation. Then another progress occurred, where gas was used instead of gasoline in many means of transportation. The most important concern of scientists specialized in the development of transportation means is to reduce costs and increase efficiency. Because the most important goal is to improve the transportation service, while maintaining the reduction of transportation costs. Because this is one of the reasons for the recovery of trade between countries, where the prices of goods do not increase by a high rate as a result of the high cost of transportation.

And the cost reduction leads to a boom in tourism as well, as the cost of transportation is within the reach of many categories of people. What is the motivation behind the development of transportation. Global trade is the most powerful driver of transportation development. This trade began since ancient times, when commercial trips were to India to buy spices and fabrics, and transport them to the countries of the Middle East or to Europe. As well as trips to Africa to transport gold and slaves to Europe and America. The means of transportation used in the past depended on animals. Till the invention of ships, cars and planes, and as a result exports and imports increased. The development of means of transportation had the greatest role in trade exchange between countries.

We cannot talk about transportation without talking about roads. Where there is a close link between road construction and transportation development. Would it be useful to develop means of transportation without creating roads that allow transportation to move easily?. Therefore, it has become necessary to establish new roads commensurate with the speed of transportation, as well as with the increasing number of vehicles. Gas stations are also set up at suitable distances, especially on long roads. Some maintenance centers are also being established, and services are provided to travelers. The first modern highway was designed in by John Loudon Mack, using soil and gravel as paving. And when the means of transportation developed, especially in Germany in AD and the United States in AD, the need for the construction of asphalt roads increased accordingly.

Iron bars were also used to construct the railways on which the trains travel. Thus, the road and railways were expanded, which revolutionized the travel of people and the transport of goods. What are the benefits of the development of means of transportation and what are its harms? Undoubtedly, we are benefiting from the tremendous development that has occurred in the means of transportation. It saves us time and becomes more comfortable. We do not feel the trouble of traveling as our ancestors did in the past. Where travel has become an enjoyable journey, we can watch a movie or enjoy reading a book.

However, there are risks to our lives due to transportation, such as:. To compare the means of transportation in the past and the present, we can compare speed, effort, cost and risks. Transportation in the present has become very fast compared to transportation in the past. The current means of transportation provide us with comfort and enjoyment of travel. Despite the advantages of modern means of transportation, it is considered less expensive. Modern means of transportation have become more dangerous due to the huge number of means of transportation that are on the road. In the past, humans relied on animals to move from one place to another.

Man used donkeys, horses, camels, and mules to move him or carry his goods. Also, some peoples were able to use elephants to move and carry goods. Then the means of transportation developed little by little, until we reached the modern means of transportation with better quality and lower cost.

How does technology change public transportation? Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management, 6 4 , Temporal variations for monitoring traffic in urban areas. The modes of commercial transportation, then, are aviation, rail and road overland transport, and ship transport. Because of the vast numbers of roads and the presumption that nearly every domicile and business is accessible by road, road travel offers the greatest flexibility—door-to-door travel. Till the invention of ships, cars and planes, and as a result exports and imports increased. Remind the reader of your main argument using the information you have discussed in the body paragraphs.

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